Heat Resistant Stainless Steel

High-temperature alloy refers to a type of metal material based on iron, nickel, and cobalt that can work at high temperatures above 600°C and under certain stress for a long time; and has high high-temperature strength, good anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion properties, Good fatigue performance, fracture toughness and other comprehensive properties. High-temperature alloys have a single austenite structure and have good structural stability and service reliability at various temperatures.

 

Based on the above performance characteristics and the high degree of alloying of high-temperature alloys, they are also called "superalloys" and are an important material widely used in aviation, aerospace, petroleum, chemical industry, and ships. According to the matrix elements, high-temperature alloys are divided into iron-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based and other high-temperature alloys. The service temperature of iron-based high-temperature alloys can generally only reach 750~780°C. For heat-resistant parts used at higher temperatures, nickel-based and refractory metal-based alloys are used. Nickel-based high-temperature alloys occupy a particularly important position in the entire field of high-temperature alloys. They are widely used to manufacture the hottest components of aviation jet engines and various industrial gas turbines.

 

 

In the following overview, you find some examples:

Ferritic

EN-No.	ASTM	C max.	Cr	Ni	Ti	N	Al	Si	Ce	Other	Max o.T. (*)
1.4713		0.12	6.0-8.0	–	–	–	0.5-1.0	0.5-1.0	–	–	800°C
1.4724		0.12	12.0-14.0	–	–	–	0.7-1.2	0.7-1.4	–	–	850°C
1.4742		0.12	17.0-19.0	–	–	–	0.7-1.2	0.7-1.4	–	–	1000°C

 

Austenitic

EN-No.	ASTM	C max.	Cr	Ni	Ti	N	Al	Si	Ce	Other	Max o.T.(*)
1.4948	304H	0.2	17.0-19.0	8.0-11.0		Max. 0.10	–	Max. 0.50	–	–	750°C
1.4878	321H	0.1	17.0-19.0	9.0-12.0	Min 4x (C+N); Max 0.70	Max. 0.10	–	Max. 0.75	–	–	850°C
1.4828	–	0.2	19.0-21.0	11.0-13.0	–	Max. 0.11	–	1.5-2.5	–	–	1000°C
1.4883	309S	0.08	22.0-24.0	12.0-15.0	–	Max. 0.11	–	Max. 0.75	–	–	1000°C
1.4845	310S	0.1	24.0-26-0	19.0-22.0	–	Max. 0.11	–	Max. 1.5	–	–	1050°C
1.4818	–	0.08	18.0-20.0	9.0-11.0	–	0.12-0.20	–	1.0-2.0	0.03-0.08	–	1050°C
1.4835	–	0.12	20.0-22.0	10.0-12.0	–	0.12-0.20	–	1.4-2.5	0.03-0.08	–	1150°C
1.4841	314	0.2	24.0-26.0	19.0-22.0	–	–	–	1.5-2.5		–	1150°C

 

Nickel Base Alloys

EN-No.	ASTM	C max.	Cr	Ni	Ti	N	Al	Si	Ce	Other	Max o.T.(*)
2.4816	Alloy 600	0.05-0.10	14.0-17.0	Min, 72	Max. 0.3	–	Max. 0.3	Max. 0.5	–	Co, Cu, B	600-900°C
2.4851	Alloy 600	0.03-0.01	21.0-25.0	58.0-63.0	Max. 0.5	–	1.0-1.7	Max. 0.5	–	Cu, B	550-1200°C

 

 

• Industrial furnace and boiler components
• Pipes and expansion bellows
• Heat exchanger
• Electric heating element
• Annealing bell
• Aerospace
• Automotive (turbine components)

 

 

Unlike traditional ferritic, austenitic and nickel-based alloys, the focus of these special steels is undoubtedly on the stresses caused by high temperatures, as mentioned earlier. The most important criteria are:

• High fatigue strength/creep resistance over required temperature range
• High temperature corrosion resistance
• Prevents scaling by forming an oxide layer
• Special properties to resist stresses due to changing temperatures and the resulting risk of embrittlement (depending on the material used)
• Stable microstructure
• High mechanical load

 

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